10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals

10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals By Michael How do you express numbers in your writing? When do you use figures (digits) and when do you write out the number in words (letters)? That is, when do you write 9 and when do you write nine? 1. Number versus numeral. First things first, what is the difference between a number and a numeral? A number is an abstract concept while a numeral is a symbol used to express that number. Three, 3 and III are all symbols used to express the same number (or the concept of threeness). One could say that the difference between a number and its numerals is like the difference between a person and her name. 2. Spell small numbers out. The small numbers, such as whole numbers smaller than ten, should be spelled out. Thats one rule you can count on. If you dont spell numbers out it will look like youre sending an instant message, and you want to be more formal than that in your writing. 3. No other standard rule: Experts dont always agree on other rules. Some experts say that any one-word number should be written out. Two-word numbers should be expressed in figures. That is, they say you should write out twelve or twenty. But not 24. 4. Using the comma. In English, the comma is used as a thousands separator (and the period as a decimal separator), to make large numbers easier to read. So write the size of Alaska as 571,951 square miles instead of 571951 square miles. In Continental Europe the opposite is true, periods are used to separate large numbers and the comma is used for decimals. Finally, the International Systems of Units (SI) recommends that a space should be used to separate groups of three digits, and both the comma and the period should be used only to denote decimals, like $13 200,50 (the comma part is a mess I know). 5. Dont start a sentence with a numeral. Make it Fourscore and seven years ago, not 4 score and 7 years ago. That means you might have to rewrite some sentences: Fans bought 400,000 copies the first day instead of 400,000 copies were sold the first day. 6. Centuries and decades should be spelled out. Use the Eighties or nineteenth century. 7. Percentages and recipes. With everyday writing and recipes you can use digits, like 4% of the children or Add 2 cups of brown rice. In formal writing, however, you should spell the percentage out like 12 percent of the players (or twelve percent of the players, depending on your preference as explained in point three). 8. If the number is rounded or estimated, spell it out. Rounded numbers over a million are written as a numeral plus a word. Use About 400 million people speak Spanish natively, instead of About 400,000,000 people speak Spanish natively. If youre using the exact number, youd write it out, of course. 9. Two numbers next to each other. It can be confusing if you write 7 13-year-olds, so write one of them as a numeral, like seven 13-year-olds. Pick the number that has the fewest letters. 10. Ordinal numbers and consistency. Dont say He was my 1st true love, but rather He was my first true love. Be consistent within the same sentence. If my teacher has 23 beginning students, she also has 18 advanced students, not eighteen advanced students. Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†50 Nautical Terms in General UseEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

Corporations with lots of cash and doing little spending Essay - 1

Corporations with lots of cash and doing little spending - Essay Example With companies lying about their true financial positions with series of financial scandals that followed after another, you cannot blame people if they distrust the financial infrastructure in this country. It will take time to regain that confidence. So it is not a wonder if companies and investors alike are very cautious in investing here in the United States. China on the other hand, does not have that problem. Their economy has been registering more than 10 % in GDP for more than 15 years with its financial market always on a steady rise. We also have to remember that China is an emerging market that came from decades of isolationist communist rule. That means that its market is relatively unexplored compared to the maturing market in the United States and Europe. In addition, a quarter of the world’s population is in China so we can only imagine how big the market is and along with it is the profit potential for business who will corner a share of that market. So if a certain economy or company has that much money lying around and has to reinvest, that money will naturally look for a market that yields higher return with relatively lower risk. It will not be a surprise if all roads for investors will lead to China given the potential of its market. Do not forget that our credit rating has also been just recently downgraded and t hat is not an incentive for investors to keep their money here. The case of San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge construction’s outsourcing of its massive cable, key sections of the iconic tower and deck to China that could amount to $400 million dollars may look unpopular and insensitive with a 12 % domestic unemployment, but it makes economic sense and sound fiscal policy for the State of California. It is more cost-efficient to have it sourced abroad than have it done domestically. Bob LaVenture, a District Director for the United Steelworkers Union admitted it himself that there is no way

Social Intervention Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Intervention Planning - Assignment Example According to Howe (1997), a clear theoretical perspective guides and influences practice in five key areas: (1) observation, which tells us what to see, and what to look out for; (2) description, which provides a conceptual vocabulary and framework within which observations can be arranged and organized; (3) explanation, which suggests how different observations might be linked and connected, it offers possible casual relationships between one event and another; (4) prediction, which indicates what might happen next and (5) intervention, which suggests things to do to bring about change. Of course, different theories lead to different observations and explanations. Social Work practice theories provide explanations and/or guidance for practice. Social Work practice theory does not seek to explain, the world, individuals, communities or group dynamics. Social Work theories are concerned with understanding the individual in their context and promoting change with the individual and/or their context. What do we mean by crisis? †crisis is not stress, often these words are used interchangeably. Crisis contains a growth- promoting possibility – it can be a catalyst. Crisis disturbs old established patterns of responding†(Wright 1991). Crisis can be seen in at least three different forms; a hazardous event, a decision making event, or a danger and opportunity. Thus, crisis is a time for decision making in a situation presenting either danger or opportunity.... said that the family is not providing adequate child care, and is planning to remove one or more children, or (2) problems between parents and children have grown so severe that a parent is refusing to allow the child to remain in the home, or the child is running away. When parents feel unable to control children who are routinely disobedient, they sometimes turn to the government for help. Nationally, these juveniles are known as status offenders. Unlike juvenile delinquents, whose actions would be considered criminal if they were adults, a status offenders disobedient behavior is only an offence because of a person's age"(Weingartner, et al 2002) Most states offer these children and their parents a through needs assessment and referrals to agencies that can help them stay together and work through their problems. Not all families, however, are willing to engage in such a process. Parents at the breaking point may want the attention of a family court and may ask the judge to place their son or daughter outside the home. At least temporarily, expecting foster care to solve their problems"(Ibid) Professionals who are familiar with the needs of status offenders and their parents tend to agree that foster care is an inappropriate response because it does not respond to the needs which prompted parents to seek help. Traditionally, foster care is designed to keep children and parents apart, not to engage the family as a whole through services such as family counseling and mediation"(Russell et al) 3 "Around the country, parents grievances with their

Generalization, Miniaturization and the case of Italo Calvino Essay

Generalization, Miniaturization and the case of Italo Calvino - Essay Example With the nexus of focus on Valdrada concentric upon the â€Å"eyes†, Calvino goes to great lengths to illustrate just what Marco Polo â€Å"saw† within the place and how he understood/interpreted this. Whereas Marco Polo was of a relatively high social class and his level of education was above that of the average individual during Renaissance Italy, Calvino illustrates that he was not inclined to attempt to use the scientific method; instead, Polo relates complex and instrinsicly nuanced facets of Valdrada in a matter of fact way. This matter of fact detail and the pedagogical nature in which he discusses these aspects lends the reader to engage with these facets of Valdrada as nothing short of fact. Yet, by comparing the quote of Susan Stewart, provided in the introduction, the reader is cautioned as to the ramifications of not objectively considering what details might be overlooked within such a cursory approach. The visual representation that is reflected within Calvino’s section on Valdrada denotes, among many other things, the following: â€Å"The ancients built Valdrada on the shores of a lake, with houses all verandas one above the other, and high streets whose railed parapets look out over the water. Thus the traveler, arriving, sees two cities: one erect above the lake, and the other reflected, upside down† (Calvino 123). Within this literary statement of fact, the reader is represented with a picturesque landscape that can easily be miniaturized to reflect a greater understanding for the region and people in question.

Henry VII & Richard III :: European Europe History

Henry VII & Richard III Richard the Third had just recently become King of England. But he did not know that soon he would not Henry Tudor was from Wales. His surname was really spelt 'Tewdwr.' It was changed to the English way though when he became King of England. Henry was too to France by his Uncle Jasper in 1471, fourteen years before the Battle of Bosworth. His uncle took him to Brittany. There, Henry learnt a lot. He learnt about warfare, treachery and betrayal. He also learned about court politics and how to keep supporters. This helped Henry very much with the Battle of Bosworth. Henry landed at Milford haven in South Wales. He had about two thousand soldiers with him. He marched all through Wales and the Midlands. When he got to the battle site he had around five thousand troops. He had gained more than three thousand on his journey. The battle was fought up on a hill at Bosworth. At the battle site there was a third army. It was small and led by Lord William Stanley. It did not know what side to join. Henry started the battle by moving up the hill and charging at Richard. Stanley decided which side to join. It would be Henry's. He hit on the rear of Richards army causing the Kings forces to run. Richard fell from his horse in the rush and was eventually killed. As the battle ended, Stanley found the Kings crown hanging on a thorn bush. Lord Stanley crowned Henry the King of England. Henry then married Edward the IV'S daughter Elizabeth. This united both of the families together. The battle of Bosworth wasn't any old battle. It was very important in history. The Lancastrian, Henry Tudor defeated the Yorkist, Richard the third at the battle of Bosworth field in 1485 and became King

Article Analysis of Supply and Demand Essay

The software business a few years back was at its peak and the growing demand for software gave software companies the leverage to raise prices. When firms bought software it was in the form of a perpetual license and was costly for them. In this context, a perpetual license gave the consumers unlimited access to the software and usually tried to utilize the software more efficiently. Thus lowering the demand for software, prices were also lowered because fewer consumers were willing to pay for something they could not effectively use. With a decrease in demand, supply also decreased. This paper is based on the article Supply and Demand: Software Pricing by Jeffrey Rothfeder, which was published in PC Magazine (2004). This paper presents an analysis of the article using the economic theories of supply and demand. Demand is comprised of the desire of the consumer to buy something, the consumer’s ability to pay and willingness to pay. Thus, in the peak years of the software industry, business and firms, both multimillion companies and smaller ones bought software like pancakes because of their desire for efficiency, which the software companies promised them. Then, business firms had the ability to pay for it since it was seen as an investment and would help them reap more profits. Which also made them more willing to pay for it. When companies bought additional software to complement what they already had resulted to marginal utility of the software, then as companies bought more software that the software company told them to use but could not effectively maximize it contributed to a diminishing marginal utility. Thus, the demand for software begun to decrease, coupled with this the dot.com crash came, the supply of software in the market was high, but the demand was low which eventually resulted into a lowering of the prices of the software license. This cycle meant that the software industry is dependent on what the consumer is willing to pay for. On the other hand, the changes in the supply and demand and prices of software can also be brought about by a number of factors, like the rapid technological advancements in IT, the operational costs of using software and even the attitude of managers towards the usefulness and effectiveness of the software. In the past, software companies offered perpetual licenses to its consumers, this meant that consumers would have unlimited access to the software but because of the technological advancements in the information technology, most of the software bought in the past could not run and its usefulness diminished. This entailed getting an upgrade or replacing the software entirely, but because of the past experience of mangers with the huge expenditure in buying software, it made them unwilling to pay for it the second time. A new breed of software companies also capitalized on the existing business environment, wherein they knew that consumers were looking for alternatives and options. This is what they gave the consumers, instead of making software that would replace the original software, they developed a program that would enhance their existing programs, and they could buy it by subscription, which they can renew for the time they want to use it. This gave consumers the psychological feeling of being in control, instead of being at the mercy of the software companies. Thus, demand for this kind of software and this approach in licensing also spurned the increase in supply and also in prices. But since many vendors offer this alternative, and the losses of software companies made them more careful in their business strategies, they have to remain competitive in their prices. Consumers generally would want to pay less for what they need, which the subscription approach answers. Then with the development of the new way of delivering software through the internet (ASP) which reduces operational costs of software companies again moved the prices of the product. At first, the public was hesitant in using this technology because of security and quality issues. However, big companies utilized it and therefore led to the belief that the risks associated with using this form is low and since them it has gained acceptance in the consumers. This again demonstrates how the growth in one aspect of the product can lead to an increase in demand and supply. More and more consumers have also become intelligent in what they want and need out of softwares, thus the idea of paying for a software like a utility commodity has not gained much credence. The use for softwares in business firms are numerous and a pay as you use approach is not viable since people nowadays depend on technology to become efficient in their jobs. On the other hand, the software industry have also responded with a few measures that would somehow change the quantity demanded of their products by going after software piracy and misuse of software licenses, thus effecting changes in the demand of the products like when a pirated software is confiscated or shut down and since people rely on it for their business they would probably go out and buy the real one. In conclusion, the software industry still has power over the market of their programs, but with the increasing knowledge of consumers on the intricacies of using a software, their power over the supply, demand and prices of their products would slowly wane. References Articles Rothfeder, J. (2004). Supply and Demand: Software Pricing. PC Magazine (February).Retrieved May 10, 2006 from http://www. eweek. com/article2/0,1759,1539611,00. asp Pombriant, D. (2003). â€Å"Hosted CRM Popularity Continues To Grow—But How Far Will It Go? † Aberdeen Group Websites www. softlicense. net/ webcomment. htm Software licensing tips and hints www. siia. net//divisions/software/pubs/statpage. pdf Software industry statistics.

Students Wearing Uniforms, or Not - 598 Words

Should Students wear uniforms, My thought yes they should wear uniforms, Because it help your parents save money a lot money on a regular clothes kids these days are very expensive. When wearing uniforms you only need a couple pair of pants and shirts then you will be straight. Uniforms are cheaper and it saves a lot of money for you and your parents. When getting uniforms you don’t have to buy that much stuff because uniforms aren’t expensive. Uniforms help the poor kids out a lot if you just think about. Some people didn’t come up like everybody else. Some people got it made when it come to getting regular clothes and stuff. Children are very picky about what they want now days and like to go all out the way. If children wear uniforms they will fit right in with everybody else. They won’t be in any competition about who got about who got the fresher clothes on. Uniforms help kids that are poor and can’t afford expensive clothes. Uniforms make you look educated and dedicated if you dress like you supposed to when you put them on. Peoples will appreciate you and notice you. It will stop all the bullying because of what other peoples are wearing. Some people’s parents probably don’t have the money to buy their kids nice clothes. It takes a lot of pressure off a person if everybody dresses the same. If students weren’t wearing uniforms peoples will be going out the way with the regular clothes. Females would be wearing really small shorts. The guys pants will be sagging realShow MoreRelatedWhy Students Wearing School Uniforms1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof students wearing uniforms in schools. Below are the discussed reasons that tend to explain the importance of students wearing uniforms in school. â€Å"The prevalence of uniforms in public schools continues to rise in the United States, as parents and school administrators exert efforts to keep our school’s safe environments. According to the Nationa l Center for Education Statistics, nearly 20% of all public schools have adopted uniform mandates.† (Public School Review). To begin with, wearing of uniformsRead MoreDoes Wearing School Uniform Have An Influence On Student s Behavior?927 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question: Does wearing school uniform have an influence on student’s behaviour? Review of Literature: The debate regarding whether the students should have to wear school uniform has been prevalent for many years. For example, some people insist that wearing uniform can really make a difference in a student’s academic performance, while others do not. There are still a lot school boards and parents arguing about it. Wearing school uniform has its advantages and disadvantages, but the pointRead MoreSchool Uniforms Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesSchool uniforms should definitely be used in school systems. Uniforms are both good for schools as well as for the students. Wearing uniforms will help build a sense of unity within the school. Instead of everyone as a separate team, everyone will be in the same team. Wearing uniforms will help free students of the stress of what to wear in the morning. Wearing school uniforms will help improve student individuality and improve their self-esteem. First, wearing matching uniforms can make studentsRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Banned?983 Words   |  4 PagesShould Students Wear Uniforms One of the biggest debates is about the effectiveness or the use of uniforms in public schools. Should students in public schools have to wear school uniforms? For the past few years now; parents, students and schools have had a clash over the issue surrounding the school attire. Researchers are divided over the impact that wearing school uniforms have on the students, if any, and how it does affect their learning. Some view school uniforms as unfair while others viewRead MoreEssay On School Uniforms1388 Words   |  6 Pagesschool uniforms is the best for their students. Other schools don’t want to limit the student’s freedom of speech. Schools can’t decide which is the best - have uniforms or not. School uniforms should be mandatory for all students considering the cost, right to freedom and academic success. One reason why school uniforms should be mandatory is the cost. It is more economical for people because it will be cheaper to buy uniforms rather than to have a new outfit for every day. The students will notRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Banned902 Words   |  4 PagesSchool uniforms Whether you re for them or against them, this hot debate refuses to go away. It s a great idea for school to have uniform because with uniform student can get the benefit of school. This can also bring out the positive impact of school dress code. Uniform is required because it bring out promotion for school safety. But there are others that don t think school you uniforms is required in public schools. Because of anti- individual s of freedom. Adding to that wearing school uniformRead MoreDress Yourself By Choice Not By Force876 Words   |  4 Pagesof school uniforms often falls to the wayside. However, research indicates that the adoption of school uniforms has an immense impact on student be havior and attitudes. In 2014, at Duncanville High School in Texas, one hundred and seventy teenagers were suspended for refusing to wear school uniforms (Golgowski 2104). This incident is just one of many cases in which school uniforms have pushed students and administrators to their limits and tarnished the school culture. School uniforms thwarts students’Read MoreThe Importance Of Uniforms In Schools813 Words   |  4 PagesStudents from schools with a uniform policy say that uniforms have affected the way they feel about themselves in an unsatisfactory way. Uniforms are proven to slow down the transition into becoming an adult because students are not used to choosing their own clothing. Wearing a uniform opens an opportunity for students to judge each other’s bodies based on how they look and it creates room for drama and bullying. The uniforms can also obstruct a student from expressing themselves. Schools shouldRead MoreThe Need to Enforce Uniforms in Our Scho ols1128 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent schools on their first day. One girl is wearing a t-shirt, jeans, and sneakers with no name brands. As she walks in her classroom she immediately feels out of place because she surrounded by her peers wearing the most expensive name brands she has ever seen. The second girl walks into school wearing Abercrombie jeans, a Lilly Pulitzer top, and Sperry’s that makes her feel popular because of her clothing. The last girl walks into her school wearing a khaki skirt and a purple polo shirt-- her school’sRead MoreWhy School Uniforms Should Be Banned1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of school uniforms seems like an obsolete concept for many individuals. Unless a child goes to private school, it is not usually practiced by children and families. But around the world, trying school uniforms is the norm. Students studying in schools that require school uniforms normally perform very well educationally and seem happy wearing the same outf it daily. There are many benefits to wearing school uniforms that schools should force into their public schools. One of the biggest