Causes and Effects of the Salem Witch Trials Essay

1692 in Salem, Massachusetts was a time of fear, allegation, and deceit. It was the time of the Salem witch trials. Family feuds, eccentric personalities, and even keeping dolls in your home were reasons for accusations. Fueled by religious fanatics and young girls screaming for attention, literally, no one was safe from the insanity of the witch-hunt. This paper is intended to discuss the causes of this hysteria, some of the trials that took place during the year 1692, and what finally stopped the madness of the witch-hunt. The Salem witch trials were fueled by many different things, but the beginning of this hysteria can be traced back to a small group of girls in Salem Village. Betty Parris, a nine-year-old girl with poor health, lived with her father Rev. Samuel Parris, who was the local minister, her mother, an invalid, and her cousin, Abigail Williams. Abigail Williams was a twelve-year-old orphan who worked for her keep; she did most of the chores because of Betty’s illness and cared for her aunt. When they were finished with their chores, there was not much for the girls to do; Rev. Parris objected to games because he thought that â€Å"playing was a sign of idleness, and idleness allowed the Devil to work his mischief.† (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) Reading books was a popular pastime during the winter. Most popular, were Books about fortune telling and prophecy. These were read, unsurprisingly, mostly by young girls and adolescents. Some of the girls who read these books forme d small groups to use the divination techniques that they had read about. Betty, Abigail, and two other girls formed one of these groups and were assisted by the Parris family’s’ black slave, Tituba. (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) Tituba, who was originally from Barbados, was very knowledgeable about the voodoo religion, and often told the girls stories of voodoo, witchcraft, and demons. Other girls began to join the group to listen to Tituba’s stories and tell their fortunes. Betty and Abigail were disquieted by their fortunes and began to act strangely. They were â€Å"having fits, making strange noises, and contorting their bodies.† (http://www.paralumun.com) Rev. Parris noticed their odd behavior and asked the help of Dr. William Griggs. Dr. Griggs could find nothing wrong with the girls medically, so he said they were bewitched. The girls were asked to name the witches that had bewitched them and they spoke  the names of three women. Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good were all very likely witches. Sarah Osborne had not been to church in over a year, and Sarah Good was homeless and went door to door asking for alms, if turned away empty handed, Sarah Good would mumble words as she left t hat many thought were curses. The cases of the three women were investigated at the Salem Village Meetinghouse. During their questioning, Betty, Abigail, and six of their friends often claimed that the women’s spirits were biting them pinching them or appearing as a small animal or bird. Despite the girls, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne said they were innocent. Tituba, however, confessed to being a witch. Her confession consisted of â€Å"red rats, talking cats, and a tall man dressed in black. She stated that the man clothed in black made her sign in a book, and that Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and others, whose names she could not read, had also signed this book.† (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) Tituba continued, saying that a black dog had threatened her and made her to hurt the girls. She also said that she had â€Å"ridden through the air on a pole to witches meetings with the other two accused.† (http://www.paralumun.com) Then Tituba stated that there were about six other witches and their leader was a tall white-haired man. (http://www.paralumun.com) Tituba’s t hree-day confession confirmed the villager’s beliefs and initiated the Salem witch trials. As the trials gained momentum, no one was safe from accusations; the girls accused people regardless of age, health, or public opinion. Everyone was at risk of being accused, from the very young, such as Dorcas Good, a four-year-old boy who was jailed and put in chains; to the old and well liked, like Rebecca Nurse who was a seventy-one year old lady and was considered kind and generous. Abigail Hobbs was already mentally unstable when she was charged with witchcraft. She confessed and gave the names of nine other witches. The judges accepted her confession instead of dismissing her as insane. On April 21, 1692, Nehemiah Abbot, William and Deliverance Hobbs, Sarah and Edward Bishop, Mary Ester, Mary Black, Sarah Wilds, and Mary English were arrested because of Abigail Hobbs’s accusations. (http://www.paralumun.com) Bridget Bishop had been charged with witchcraft twelve years ago; she had been tried but not convicted. When there was work being done on her cellar, â€Å"poppets † were found in the walls. Some of them  were without heads and they were all stuck with pins. She was tried on June 2, 1692, and hanged June 10, 1692. Rebecca Nurse was tried on June 29, 1692. The jury found Rebecca Nurse not guilty but when they revealed their verdict in her case, the girls â€Å"howled, thrashed about, and rolled around on the floor. With the courtroom in an uproar, the judges asked the jury to reconsider its decision† (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) Rebecca Nurse was found guilty, and hanged July 19, 1692. Rev. George Burroughs was the former Salem Village minister. He was accused of being the coven leader of all the witches in Massachusetts. (http://www.paralumun.com) The girls also called him the â€Å"Black Minister† and agreed that he was the leader of the Salem Coven. He had been widowed three times, and there was a rumor that he had mistreated his wives. When he was angry, he would sometimes brag about his demonic powers. He was tried on August 5, 1692, found guilty, and hanged on August 19, 1692. When he was being hanged, Rev. Burroughs said the Lord’s Prayer perfectly. The Puritans believed that a wizard could not say the Lord’s Prayer without error. (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) During the winter of 1692-93, the witch trials began to loose public support. A man named Giles Corey who was accused of witchcraft refused to stand trial and was crushed to death. This, Rev. Burroughs’ prayer, and a letter written by an accused asking â€Å"if it be possible, that no more innocent blood be shed, which undoubtedly cannot be avoided in the way and course you go in.† (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) This and the fact that the Governors wife had been accused of witchcraft caused the Governor to issue orders to protect those accused of witchcraft and ban the arrest of other suspected witches unless it was necessary on October 12, 1692. People began to ignore the cries of witchcraft and the last trial was held in January of 1693. In May of 1693, the governor ended the witch trials for good when he pardoned all of the remaining accused. With nineteen hanged and one crushed, the Salem witch trials finally ended. (http://www.salemwitchtrials.com) This is how the Salem witch trials began and ended. In my opinion, the Salem witch-hunt was revolting. The destruction of innocent human lives was atrocious. I think that the â€Å"witches† were all in the imaginations of a few girls who wanted attention and power.

Art and Literature in Augustan Rome Essay

The beginning of this time period comes with the death of Julius Caesar and the rise to power of his nephew, Octavius. He was in the Second Triumvirate that was formed to maintain order in Rome. Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Marc Antony ruled formally unlike the informal triumvirate of Julius Caesar. The triumvirate set out to execute members of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. In 42 BC, Brutus and Cassius were finally defeated. In the following years the triumvirate diminished. In 36 BC, Lepidus retired. Marc Antony began to have affairs with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. These affairs briefly came to a pause when Antony married Octavian’s sister Octavia. Marc Antony later returns to Egypt and marries Cleopatra. This causes Octavian and Antony to break out into war. He then takes his great-uncles name of Augustus and claims his leadership over Rome by defeating Mark Antony. Much art and literature was dedicated to the support of Augustus, which helped to bring together his empire. The Aeneid is an example of such propaganda in favor of Augustus, which people often find parallels between Aeneas and Augustus. In order for Augustus to maintain his newly gained power he uses such art and literature to influence his people. This form of media, which propaganda was a key part, plays an important role in his plan to maintain power. Augustus, known first to history as Gaius Octavius, was born in 63 BC. His relation to Julius Caesar comes from his grandmother Julia, who was Caesar’s sister. His great-uncle encourages him, for he sees talent in him, and even puts him in his will as his successor, along with three quarters of his estate. In 44 BC Caesar is assassinated and Augustus heads to Rome to pay his respects and to take his throne. He has to battle against Mark Antony, who was one of Caesar’s most trusted lieutenants. After ultimately causing Antony and his second wife Cleopatra to commit suicide, Augustus returns to Rome as the undisputed master of both east and west. Augustus ruled by patronage, military power, and accumulation of the offices. He was a sole ruler of Rome, which in result became known as the Roman Empire. The Senate became docile to Augustus and allowed him to have control. He gained the people’s support by funding various poets and artisans, who in exchange  glorified him in their work. This use of the arts, is example to Augustus’ use of political propaganda through art and literature. The writer of the Aeneid, Virgil, was a part of the circle of artists and poets supported by the wealthy patron Maecenas, who was close to Augustus. This gave him the freedom to spend most of his time writing. Since Virgil was writing under a patron close to the emperor, his stories had an element of political propaganda. He tied the life of Aeneas in the Aeneid, to that of Augustus, legitimizing the position of monarch and pleasing the emperor. This story was extremely popular in Rome and Aeneas was seen as the model citizen, so you can see why the connection to Augustus could work as a sort of propaganda. The Aeneid is interpreted by some, to validate the â€Å"golden age† and the restoration of the republic that Augustus had claimed to have done. It is a form of positive propaganda for Augustus, portraying him in a positive light for all of Rome to read. The most obvious connection between Aeneas and Augustus was their roles as founders. Aeneas founded the Roman Empire in the Aeneid and Augustus re-founded the empire after it had begun to fall apart after Caesar’s assassination and the subsequent battle for total power. In Book Six, Aeneas is shown a prophecy of the coming greatness of Rome, in a clear reference to Augustus’ rule. Another example is that the poem also served in Augustus’s attempts to re-introduce Roman values into Roman society, including reverence for the gods. Aeneas continually showed reverence to the gods, just as he did when he left Dido because it was the god’s will. The poem continues to reflect these ideals by portraying Aeneas not as a man motivated by personal gain, but a man motivated by his love and loyalty to his country, people and gods. For Romans the Aeneid is seen as something mystical, which it may be, but for Augustus it is just another example of his use of literature and art as propaganda. Augustus also united the Empire through his use of the arts as a form of self-promotion and to promote the themes of his administration, such as peace, allegiance to Rome, and respect for tradition. He visually improved the city by constructing new buildings that were worthy of the powerful Empire. He made art into the materialization of Roman government which was an idea continued by his descendants and was declared a god. He knew that he  had to portray his greatness in all the aspects of his subjects’ lives, including the arts. Three examples of such art are the Ara Pacis, the Temple of Mars, and the Res Gestae Divi Augustus. The Ara Pacis was made to honor the triumphal return from Spain and Gaul of Augustus and to celebrate the peace established by his victories. The Temple of Mars was constructed in Rome, to give thanks to the god for his victory over the assassins of his adoptive father, Gaius Julius Caesar. The Res Gestae Divi Augustus, is the first-person record of Augustus’ life and accomplishments. It is to show the greatness of Augustus and how he wanted it to be portrayed to his Roman people. These three pieces of art were very important in helping Augustus maintaining his power. Augustus’ use of art and literature as propaganda to influence his people was his way of keeping hold of his power. He was aware, as example of his great-uncle, that keeping power as a Roman Leader wasn’t easy. Even from the very beginning of his climb to power, when he had to fight for his throne against Mark Antony, he realized that his reign would come with some struggle. Which is why once he obtained complete control he used the works of artisans and poets to pay homage to himself and to influence the people of Rome to see Augustus in a favorable light. Just as Virgil’s epic, the Aeneid was extremely influential, not only to the people of the time of Augustan Rome, but also to many generations afterward. Augustus’ support created a â€Å"golden age† of literature even if much of it was a sort of propaganda. It is easy to understand why many other monarchs would strive to be like Augustus and to immortalize themselves in the arts and literature of their time as he once did. For he was an outstanding military leader, an excellent overseer of many public works, as well as being the leader during the longest period of peace and prosperity that Rome has ever experienced. Not only did he do all of this, but he also was extremely successful in his use of art and literature propaganda to influence the people around him. It not only gained him the support of the people of Rome, but it helped to unite his empire, as well as allowing him to live forever, not in a human body, but in the threads and strokes of all the works dedicated to him.

An Effective Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Effective Teacher - Essay Example As a flexible educator, an effective teacher makes it a point to improvise tools or innovate techniques which are sensitive to the needs of each student especially when it comes to targeting personal growth in terms of enhanced potentials and increased level of self-worth. While the quantity of lessons may matter with ample significance at anytime, such an instructor does not afford to neglect providing quality in his unique creative style of teaching which naturally earns appreciation by colleagues and pupils alike. An effective teacher exhibits a character of passion toward mastery of specialization or subject being taught. Because it is part of his chief objective to sustain learning with excellence, he finds a way to exceed the standards of his profession and considers exploring knowledge of the yet unknown for the benefit not only of improving his intellect but also of inspiring the students with the wonderful idea of gaining mastery of their individual endeavors both at present and in the future. Students are similarly encouraged to be regularly present in class to listen and perform in a stimulating atmosphere fostered by a teacher who demonstrates skillfulness in classroom management.

The Founding and the Constitution Research Paper

The Founding and the Constitution - Research Paper Example s required given the absolute nature of laws written into the Constitution, so the document is laying out a requirement that seeks a high standard of judgment. Also, the Constitution requires super majority votes from both the Senate as well as the House because, in theory, the two parts of the legislature were meant to represent different interests and different people (the Senate representing more of the small, rural states, which get to send two Senators in all cases whereas the House representing more of the populous states, which get to send representatives on the basis of population) (Alder). The second procedure (the â€Å"informal method†) for proposing amendments to the Constitution provides protection for states to an unresponsive Congress. If two-thirds of states agree to call for a convention, the Congress is obliged to call a convention. This method has neither constitutional instruction for how to complete the convention nor precedent to be relied upon. It is not clear whether the states would be represented equally or by population. With that said, all amendments to the Constitution have been carried out through the first procedure described. The Founders may have wanted this second procedure as a way of empowering the states and protecting against an intrusive, federal government (Mount). 2. â€Å"Loose construction† refers to a loose or liberal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, thus expanding federal powers beyond those explicitly mentioned in the document. In contrast, â€Å"strict construction† refers to the opposite: it is a legal philosophy that requires the interpreter of the Constitution to apply the text only as it is written. In other words, powers not enumerated in the Constitution are invalid (Welch). As was described previously, the formal method of amendment has a clear process described in the Constitution, which maps onto the normal procedure for business of the Congress in creating laws. Therefore, the formal method of

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Research - Essay Example Conversely, this has changed whereby the incumbent leader Raul Castrol agreed to negotiate with Obama. Primarily, this regards diverse aspects meant to put the two states in harmonious pace and tackle matters that relate to their regional interests. The Cuba’s free consent to hold peaceful dialogue amid the states foresees a bright future ahead, where other states that declined trading with it due to U.S’ influence will resume their former relations. Hence, improving the Cuban economy, this at present is experiencing many inadequacies emanating from the US trade embargo. Cuban economic force lies on its strong and thriving agricultural sector that entails exporting cash crops to other states but not to the US. These entail sugar cane, tobacco, bananas and avocadoes. The state also boasts of rich resources, which comprise its exports besides utilizing them in their home industries to heighten the economy. Some of the state’s most reliable resources encompass petroleum, cobalt and nickel (McCoy 148). The latter two resources are more beneficial to the state, whereby the relevant authorities have devised strategies to invest in their productions to gain substantial foreign exchange. In addition, tourism sector contributes immensely in augmenting Cuban income owing to the state’s breathtaking landscapes, which attract many tourists globally (Sharpley & Knight 241). Consequently, these resources have enabled the state to provide most affordable and reliable health care for its people contrary to the other developed states like US. Presently , the state comprises of most educated youths in diverse fields, for instance IT; that is capable of boosting its economy. This is evident from its medical care sector that constitutes of proficient professionals (Vidal, Villanueva & Gonzà ¡lez-Corzo 5). The state despite endowed with resources and systems that boost its

What are the challenges associated with introducing e-learning within Essay

What are the challenges associated with introducing e-learning within organisations - Essay Example The availability and the ease of access to the web-based resources have added new dimensions to corporate training. Companies have been forced to adapt to the constantly and rapidly changing world. Global trade and marketing environment require change but change erodes control and prevents the establishment of status quo. The production processes and the marketing technique need to be replaced. Companies who innovate will survive. The pace at which technology is changing is overwhelming and it is essential to mould the employees accordingly or lose out. The type of training, the pace and the means of training have all undergone a change (Byers, 2005). The new sources now compel an organization to embrace e-learning which implies new ways to support and deliver training. E-learning also known as computer-based learning or online distance educations refers to the structured, computer enabled learning carried out by individuals or groups over the internet or internal network (Isoph, 200 4). E-learning delivers just-in-time training for people when they need it (Sullivan, 2002). E-learning delivers efficient solutions to developing the staff and keeping them abreast of new trends and technologies; it allows on-the-job and self-paced training. E-learning materials can be regularly updated and published immediately. E-learning provides a variety of components that together make up a total learning solution – inbuilt tests allows the employees to test their own skills; learning management systems (LMS) enables them and their managers to track their progress (E-learning Forge, 2007). Nevertheless, managers and instructors are facing new challenges in planning e-learning. Project managers need to consider and design multi-level alignments, identify and satisfy the stakeholders involved in all phases of the instructional design process and attend the principles suggested in the literature (Villachia et al., 2004 cited by Byers, 2005). Any

WTO Members - TRAMONTANA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

WTO Members - TRAMONTANA - Essay Example PATRIA, XENIA and MOLVANIA are WTO Members producing and exporting of cars to TRAMONTANA and some companies within these countries have no plans to move towards the production of recyclable cars. However the industry in MOLVANIA, produces mainly recyclable cars and plans to phase out production of non-recyclable cars shortly and MOLVANIA is considering introducing legislation modeled on TRAMONTANA's recyclable car programme. As a WTO member, TRAMONTANA has breached the obligation of the national treatment where a member should treat foreigners and local equally: Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally — at least after the foreign goods have entered the market. The same should apply to foreign and domestic services, and to foreign and local trademarks, copyrights and patents. This principle of â€Å"national treatment† (giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals) is also found in all the three main WTO agreements (Article 3 of GA TT, Article 17 of GATS and Article 3 of TRIPS), although once again the principle is handled slightly differently in each of these.National treatment only applies once a product, service or item of intellectual property has entered the market. Therefore, charging customs duty on an import is not a violation of national treatment even if locally-produced products are not charged an equivalent tax. TRAMONTANA will pay $300 per recyclable car produced to any domestic car manufacturer. This first measure of its programme is against the WTO obligation of National treatment. - According to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT): "This agreement will extend and clarify the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade reached in the Tokyo Round. It seeks to ensure that technical negotiations and standards, as well as testing and certification procedures, do not create unnecessary obstacles to trade. However, it recognizes that countries have the right to establish protection, at levels they consider appropriate, for example for human, animal or plant life or health or the environment, and should not be prevented from taking measures necessary to ensure those levels of protection are met. The agreement therefore encourages countries to use international standards where these are appropriate, but it does not require them to change their levels of protection as a result of standardization." As the agreement states, TRAMONTANA does not have to change its level of protection as a result of standardization. In this case, it forbids non recyclable cars and recyclable cars from countries where non recyclable cars are produced to be imported. 2. As a response to these accusations TRAMONTANA could argue that on the opposite, they want to comply with the objectives of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade like the "Protection of Human safety and Health: The largest number of technical regulations and standards are adopted to aim at protecting human safety or health" and the "Protection of the Environment" which let to adopt this measures. TRAMONTANA can also offer a defense in explaining the set of measures is not to be adopted ate the same moment but gradually, leaving other countries the sufficient time to adapt to the new standards. 3. According to the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes article 10: Third parties Any Member having a substantial interest in a matter before a panel and having notified its interest to the DSB (referred to in this Understanding as a "third party") shall have an opportunity to be heard by the panel and to make written submissions to the panel. These submissions shall also be given to the parties to the dispute and shall be reflected in the panel

Explain How Helicopters Fly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Explain How Helicopters Fly - Essay Example Its flight features allow movement in all direction: upwards, downwards, sideways, forward as well as in reverse direction. This flexibility allows the helicopter to be flown in small and congested areas where it is not possible to land the airplanes. Since it can fly in any direction, it has a lot of parameters to take care of while flying. Therefore, the pilot needs to be very skilled and capable and must give full attention while flying. Helicopters not only move in all three dimensions but can also rotate and hover at one point in air. These features, although, make it a unique mode of transport, also make it a very complex machine to understand as well as to pilot. The main parts of helicopter are: ïÆ'Ëœ Main Rotor – The vertically mounted rotor in center ïÆ'Ëœ Fuselage – The main body of helicopter ïÆ'Ëœ Transmission system – Speed control mechanism of rotors ïÆ'Ëœ Tail boom – Rear portion on which the tail rotor is mounted ïÆ'Ëœ Tail rotor – Small horizontal axis rotor at the rear ïÆ'Ëœ Engine – Main engine used to spin the shaft To understand the flight of a helicopter, we can begin from the simple vertically up and down motion. For a helicopter to move upwards, it needs wings that have air moving on its surface in one direction. In case of an airplane, the wings are fixed and the whole plane moves forward for the air to move on the surface of wings and generate lift. However, in case of helicopter we keep it on the same spot. Instead, the wings are rotated to generate the desired lift effect. Wings are shaped in such a manner that they deflect the air downwards and as a reaction, the helicopter is lifted. This shape of the wings is called airfoil. Two or more wings are mounted on a shaft and the shaft is made to rotate thereby, giving a continuous motion to the wings. This rotating wings and shaft are collectively called the main rotor. The main rotor is the most important part of any helicopter. It not only generates the lift force required for the helicopter to fly but also provides for the lateral moveme nt, spinning and changing the altitude. The rotor has to be very strong as it supports all the forces on the helicopter and its weight. The wings have a swivel mechanism at the point where they connect to the rotor. This swivel functionality allows for changing the angle of blades, which changes the path of air. To affect lift, the angle of blades needs to be altered with respect to the oncoming wind. This is known as the angle of attack. The angle alteration mechanism for all wings is collectively called the hub. A device known as the swash plate assembly makes the adjustment of the angles of the rotor blades. The swash plate assembly has two plates, fixed swash plate and a rotating swash plate. The swash plate assembly has two main functions: Firstly, it changes the angle of all the blades simultaneously. It increases the overall lift, thereby gaining or losing altitude. Secondly, the swash plate can change the angle of individual blades while revolving. This gives the flexibility to a helicopter to move in any direction. This alteration of angle, called pitch, is carried out by means of the pitch control rods, which control the function of rotating swash pl

Critical Note Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Note - Case Study Example Hedley gets the wrong end of a chicken/egg argument. He seems to imply that a properly managed portfolio would not have allowed British motorcycle share to have fallen so significantly, and that, if only someone had valued market share, the demise of the industry would not have occurred. This argument, however, discounts the overriding market forces that would have debilitated the motorcycle industry in any event. It was not a lack of market share that caused British costs to remain stubbornly high, but wages, lack of natural resources, and the overall decline of British manufacturing (Turnbull et. al. 1992). Not a single motorcycle or automotive company has effectively navigated the murky waters of British cost and regulation without being bought out or constructed off-shore (Turnbull et. al. 1992), so arguing that clever portfolio management could have stopped this disaster is untrue. Portfolio management is surely important, but this example describes it more as a panacea, which i s a bad way to think about it. Turnbull, P., Oliver, N., & Wilkinson, B. (1992). Buyer†supplier relations in the UK†automotive industry: Strategic implications of the Japanese manufacturing model. Strategic Management Journal, 13(2),

Fauvism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fauvism - Essay Example In Gauguin’s painting, pure and flat red was used to present the message in full intensity so as to point out the seriousness of the subject matter. Red can also be related to anger or passion (Art Factory, n.d.; Elements of Art). Famous fauvism painters include Henri Matisse, Andre Derain and Raoul Dufy. Henri Matisse (1869-1954) painted The Roofs of Collioure (1905, oil on canvas) and The Open Window, Collioure (1905 oil on canvas). Andre Derain painted the Portrait of Henri Matisse (1906 oil on canvas) and The Turning Road at LEstaque (1906 oil on canvas). On a personal notion, I agree with the view of the artists of fauvism. Colours can depict feeling. It can also affect the feeling of the beholder of the artwork. For example, in a painting about war, red and black is commonly the most prominent. The present era though also commonly practice the notion that colours can bring the emotional element of the painting, thus, depicting the effect of fauvism. It can also be considered impressionist in nature since prioritizing colour can mean that the painting does not follow the realistic colours of the subject e.g. Andre Derain’s Portrait of Henri Matisse (1905). In conclusion, fauvism has great effects in the present view of visual arts regarding colours. It also contributed to the freedom of using colours outside the confines of realism or how subjects may have appeared in

Twayne’s Social Movements Essay Example for Free

Twayne’s Social Movements Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has often been said that the work of all good authors are shaped by the times through which they live, for with personal experience, the author is given the unique ability to temper even research of past events with their own trials and tribulations.   Such is the case when looking at the work of the controversial author Herbert Aptheker, whose unique historical perspective was influenced by his life experiences, political beliefs, and the changing world around him.   In this research, one of Aptheker’s pivotal works, â€Å"Abolitionism: A revolutionary Movement† will be the focus, along with other works of his being considered to add depth to the research, as well as the facts of the life of this controversial author himself. Author’s Thesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, Aptheker’s thesis, not only in this work but in many others which he wrote in a very prolific career, is that slave labor is a key element which made it possible for the United States to be able to reach the economic, military, and cultural heights that it did in less than a century from its foundation, and also that slaves made it possible for many people to become wealthy at the expense of people who simply had no say in the matter.   Therefore, Aptheker maintains, there is a level of reparation which the descendants of slaves are entitled to receive.   This thesis, it appears, has a substantial basis in the political beliefs of Herbert Aptheker himself. Further research into Aptheker the individual has indicated that he, by many accounts, was an avowed Marxist and Socialist, and these beliefs tempered his analysis of the practice of slavery, its abolition, and the firm belief that while slaves contributed a great deal to the advancement of American society, those who were slaves of course did not receive their fair share of the fruits of their labors, and that slaves had a great deal more potential to realize than what they did in their slave roles, and of course in many cases fulfilled their greatest potential only after being freed from the bondage of slavery itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aptheker’s thesis makes more sense, in fact, when it is compared to the ideas of Marxism, which likewise proclaims that those who are enslaved by the wealthy in society must in fact rise up and claim their own rightful piece of the fruits of labor, lest they be crushed under the feet of those who would use them for their muscle and effort, without providing them with just compensation for the amount of work they have put in to whatever they are doing.            Book Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Abolitionism† is as unique a book as was the author that wrote it.   Overall, what the book succeeds in doing is to overturn all of the conventional myths about the practice of slavery in the early southern United States from several different perspectives.   To begin, Aptheker challenges the myth that all of the people who lived in the southern United States in the years prior to the American Civil War were all strongly in favor of slavery. Rather, Aptheker maintains in the book, those show supported slavery in the south were essentially those who were able to benefit financially from the practice of slavery itself, such as the plantation owners who used huge numbers of slave laborers in order to allow for the harvesting of crops in efficient and inexpensive ways, thereby maximizing profits (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moving forward in Aptheker’s book, he then challenges the assertion that those who fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War were all pro-slavery.   Rather, Aptheker maintains, many of these individuals were either interested in maintaining freedom from what they saw as an increasingly oppressive federal government, or simply to protect their homes and families from the invading armies of the north. Therefore, these were not slavery supporters but were simply doing what most people would do in a similar situation-protect their land and loved ones.   Additionally, the author also makes it clear that freed slaves could, and did, contribute a great deal to the political climate of the United States, and were in fact highly regarded by whites, thereby totally debunking the myth that once a slave, always seen as a slave by others (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ultimately, having defeated many of the myths of American slavery, Aptheker moves forward with his discussion of â€Å"Abolitionism† by discussing how the slave labor of the early United States in fact helped to build up the early United States, and since this progress would not have been possible without slaves, these same slaves, or more correctly the descendants of these slaves, are in fact entitled to financial reparations in a way of compensating them for the hardships inflicted upon them at the hands of slave owners (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, what one sees in reviewing Aptheker’s book is a challenging of the misconceptions about slavery, the fight against slavery, and the aftermath.   As was mentioned in earlier portions of this research, the author’s theories seem to have been shaped as much by his life experience and political leanings as anything. How the Author Wrote the Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was stated earlier in the research that Aptheker seems to have relied heavily on his life experiences and political opinions in the writing of â€Å"Abolitionism†, and this is a more reliable fact when the book is looked at in a much closer manner.   Beyond this, Aptheker also utilized historical material in the form of primary materials to form the foundation of his book.   There is also something much more important that Aptheker used in the writing of this particular book which makes it all the more unique and compelling. This book was written in the final years of Aptheker’s life- a life which led him to study the human condition, write and lecture on it extensively, and fearlessly state his opinions on the topic, many times to his own disadvantage.   What this has done, however, is allowed an insight that very few authors could ever achieve, and this comes through in this, and many other works of Aptheker’s. An Opinion of the Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In one humble opinion, based on research, Aptheker’s book is a well researched, eye-opening work, as long as the reader keeps in mind that the author has a very specific political slant in writing it.   However, it must also be noted that the researcher was impressed by the fact that this book was able to challenge myths that are based on only a few opinions, and that Aptheker took the chance of using established research, modern political theory, and logical conclusions to put together not only an historic work of research, but also insightful social commentary. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this research, a controversial man and his insightful book about a controversial topic have been discussed and analyzed.   More importantly, however, it seems that in the final analysis, Herbert Aptheker and his vast body of work have forced all of us to take a closer look at ourselves. Putting aside what some would consider to be Aptheker’s questionable political beliefs, what we see when looking at the man and his work with a healthy dose of tolerance and respect for his point of view is a man who understood all too well the depths to which the human mind can plummet in pursuit of its own goals, how innocent people can be hurt in the process, and also how the struggle against the establishment has taken place in the past and must continue in the future.   In conclusion, perhaps this is Aptheker’s most lasting legacy.

The play King Henry IV Essay Example for Free

The play King Henry IV Essay The play King Henry IV revolves around a central plotline spanning a vast period of time encompassing numerous significant events. All of these events, however small, play a key role in the development of the characters as well as the themes within the play. The idea that in coming to power King Henry IV seized the crown, overruling the divine right of kings, is central to the constant theme of corruption and fear which runs throughout the plot. One of the main themes present is the journey from adolescence to maturity. Prince Hal is clearly a wayward character, seemingly dangerously close to losing his right to rule. It would appear that his association with characters such as Falstaff and Poins have nothing but negative implications. This is a key example of an escape from the past into a new future. Hal is attempting to break away from the grasp of Falstaff and his tarnished past into a future of glory, maturity and strong leadership. The idea that in fact past events can have a positive effect is then developed. In a conversation with the King, Warwick states that the Prince but studies his companions like a strange tongue, wherein, to gain the language. This implies that through his knowledge of characters such as Falstaff, and past experience, Prince Hal is in fact gaining a skill that will eventually lead to successful leadership. This past life clearly has an influence on Hal, as it truly demonstrates to him the danger of straying far from the path that one would expect him to take. It seems fair therefore to assume that without this seemingly negative section of his upbringing perhaps he would not later have become a responsible ruler. King Henry IV himself is also running from a past that haunts him and keeps him awake through the night uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. This unrest is partially down to worry concerning Prince Hal, but is also related to the way in which Henry himself seized power. Henrys trouble stems from his own uneasy conscience and his uncertainty about the legitimacy of his rule. Previously he had illegally usurped the throne from Richard II, therefore breaching the divine right of kings, a power bestowed upon the monarch from God. This past troubles him greatly and suppresses his ability to become a great leader. The influence of the past on Henry IV is clearly great; there is no escape from it other than impending death. Therefore one can assume that throughout the play he is simply running from past events rather than focusing on the future, in this case the future of his country. This is therefore an example of how in King Henry IV Part II the past overshadows the present and the future. The role of Northumberland as a leader of rebellion forces is also influenced by decisions made in the past. In the battle of Shrewsbury he decides not to send his military forces, which ultimately leads to the demise of his son, Harry Hotspur. Therefore later in the play when the rebellion forces call upon him once again his refusal to send troops to aid his son introduces an element of guilt as to whether to send reinforcements for the second battle. On one side it seems that due to his initial failure, sending troops would be the only way to regain honour, yet on the other hand it would seem horrific that he would not send troops to save his own son yet would be prepared to do so at this point. Therefore it would seem fair to argue that Northumberlands past decisions overshadow his situation at the present time, showing how that in the play the past has an influence over the present. Falstaff seems to be the only character who can, to a degree, escape the confines of his past. This is mainly due to his nature, and his ability to escape from situations relying on his wit. Throughout his relationship with Doll Tearsheet it would appear that Falstaff had made many false promises, such as marriage and his word to repay his monetary debt to her. However, unlike King Henry he is not haunted by the worry of these events, he instead continues forward allowing them to take their own path, only dodging out of their way when cornered with no chance of escape. He is well aware of his illnesses, yet would rather brush them aside and live his life day by day, he turns disease into commodity and flirts with Doll through a desire which has long outlived performance. In this sense one could argue that in Falstaffs case he lives for the present and the future rather than allowing his past to overshadow his current situation. Therefore, in conclusion it seems that to large degree the argument that the past predominately overshadows the future is valid. In the case of many of the main characters previous decisions and ways of life have a profound impact on the way in which they behave in present situations. The past is clearly a powerful entity and one which plays a key role in defining the plot and decisions made throughout the play, in many cases overshadowing the present and destroying the future.

Psychology Literature Analysis : Little Red Riding Hood

Psychology Literature Analysis : Little Red Riding Hood Even though there are abundant ways of engaging in accepting literature, psychoanalytic interpretation tries to find a meaning even beyond what is seen in the text. By distrusting the actuality of intrinsic and concealed motives, it provides a wide range of conceptual and imaginative possibilities. Freuds theories were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both now and during his own life (Cherry). His psychoanalytical theories are still used today in analyzing literature. When the psychoanalytical theory of personality is being applied in Charles Perraults, Little Red Riding Hood, it proposes evidence approaching sexual motivations. It perfectly integrates with Sigmund Freuds psychic apparatus which contain the three essential sections of the mental processes which are the id, ego and superego. Sigmund Freud developed the formulation of the psychoanalytical idea behind his principle theory that all human behavior is motivated by sexuality. Throughout Perraults, Little Red Riding Hood, there were various amounts of sexual associations throughout the story. Even the moral of the story suggests being cautious against smooth-tongued and dangerous beasts, that like to dispossess innocence from young girls. Similarly, the wolf does more than just consume the Little Red Riding Hoods grandmother, but alternatively, he immediately fell upon the good women and ate her up in a moment (Perrault). Furthermore, before eating Little Red Riding Hood, he invites her to come in the bed with him. At that point, the young girl took off her clothes and got into bed. She was greatly amazed to see how her grandmother looked in her nightclothes (Perrault). After she thoroughly examines and comments on the bodily features of the wolf, he then threw himself upon Little Red Riding Hood (Perrault) and ate her too. With Little Red Riding Hood experiencing seduction from the wolf, Little Red Riding Hood by no means showed any motive via escape or fighting back. She is an ignoramus and maybe on the other hand she wanted to be misled. Furthermore, Perrault also makes use of another example: Put the cakes and the little pot of butter on the bin and climb into bed with me (Perrault). The young girl does not disagree plus she felt obligated to follow the wolfs wishes, which shows her sexuality and desire for the wolf. In addition to these details Little Red Riding Hood is switched from being gullible, pretty young girl, which was persuaded towards disobeying her mothers forewarning and enjoys living in her own little fantasy world. These clear references in the text are proof of evidence that support Freuds theories on the psychoanalytical approach. In the beginning of Little Red Riding Hood, Little Red Riding Hood adventures off and while she is skipping carrying the goodies where then, she met with a wolf, who had a very great mind to eat her up (Perrault) and continues to have a sociable conversation with the wolf. This was Little Red Riding Hoods first mistake. Being immature and oblivious of the way the world works and she thought it was okay to talk to a wolf that was very sly. Since the little girl is immature and extremely vulnerable, since Little Red Riding Hood is showed as being friendly and slightly ignorant she didnt think anything was wrong with talking to the wolf that confronted her in the woods. The wolf asks Little Red, Little Red, just where does your grandmother live? (Grimm) She responded, A good quarter of a league farther on in the wood; her house stands under the three large oak-trees, the nut-trees are just below; you surely must know it (Grimm). She wasnt thinking thoroughly of what could come of her ex plaining where the wolf could find Little Red Riding Hoods grandmother. Due to Little Red Riding Hoods ignorance of what could possibly happen due to her irresponsible choice of blabbing about your grandmothers whereabouts with a dangerous and senseless wolf. When correctly applying the psychoanalytical approach to this story, it is appropriate to prove the interactions of the human mind. The concept of the unconscious mind can inspire human behavior because it is essential to the investigation of Perraults, Little Red Riding Hood. Cherry expresses the thought that, Sigmund Freud believed that there were three psychic zones of mental processes: id, ego and superego (The Id, Ego and Superego). In Little Red Riding Hood, Little Red Riding Hoods elders, grandmother and mother represent the superego in the story. They both raise Little Red Riding Hood by helping to protect and control her motives and desires. On the other hand, the wolf symbolizes the id. Lacking both the logic and rule of action, he only functions only to reach full satisfaction. The wolf is at fault because he gave into his own uncontrolled desires. When the wolf first catches sight of the young girl he, wanted to eat her up, but he dared not, because of some woodcutters wo rking nearby in the forest (Perrault). The wolf refrained himself from his own desires because he didnt want to be killed by the woodcutters that were nearby. Eventually, giving into his voluptuous urges, he arrived at the grandmothers house first and devoured her. Once the wolf ate the grandmother he couldnt stop himself in giving into his own temptations. The wolf was not being smart once he gave into his temptations because at that point he was only thinking with his stomach. Cherry explains that, The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension (The Id, Ego and Superego). The wolf relied on his aggression and determination to obtain what he wanted as his final result. On the other hand Little Red Riding Hood served as the middle man between self-control and utter confusion. Little Red Riding Hood symbolizes the ego which attempts to be the equilibrium between both the id and superego. At the beginning of the story, Little Red Riding Hood is characterized as being the, prettiest creature who was ever seen (Perrault). With her mother so adoring of her, she later enters into the woods where she confronts the id. At this point, she disobeys her mothers instructions, and evolves to being a poor child. The moral of the story, is that these young women maybe well brought up, but they still turn unwise and ignorant when they do speak to strangers. Being considered as the prettiest creature, it was Little Red Riding Hoods own fault for leaning too far into the senseless id. Furthermore, Sigmund Freud suggests that this struggle of the psychic apparatus of the three mental processes of the psychoanalytical theory of personality can only conclude to the death of Little Red Riding Hood, which inevitably also turned out to be the fate of her grandmother. Little Red Riding Hood becomes extremely happy when she gets to see her sick grandmother and try and cheer her up. Little Red Riding Hood being ignorant and is unaware that her grandmother is actually the sly wolf. If she asks her grandmother all these questions about her bodily features and if she saw something abnormal then she could have realized that there was something truly wrong with the way her grandmother had looked. She currently had no reasoning in this situation. The sly wolf, whos only goal is to ingest any type of flesh, tricks the young girl. The wolf and the young little girl are both idiots in this situation. The wolf could care less about anything else, except his only motivation which is to get Little Red Riding Hood into bed. Put the cake and the butter down on the bread-bin and come and lie down with me (Perrault). The wolf only wanted to just satisfy his irresistible needs. The wolf doesnt know right from wrong, he just reacts to his animalistic desires. The wol f is a creature who is trying to exert himself for his full gratification of his wants and needs. The moral of the story cautions that the wolf in the story is going to try and take advantage of any ignorant or vulnerable creatures. People are capable of bestowing into their own temptations, but they need to know what is right from wrong. The psychoanalytic approach is used for examining literature; it results in being entirely intriguing. Sexual motives are clearly seen throughout the story, thus confirming the complexity beyond what is seen in the text. Maybe it is abnormal than just analyzing literature. However, this examination remains both thought of being out of the norm and intriguing.

Y2K Bug :: essays research papers

THE YEAR TWO-THOUSAND BUG   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the world going to end at the year, two-thousand because of the Y2K computer virus? Absolutely not. The Y2K bug might cause a little bit of disorder with our digital-life when the clock strikes twelve because we might not have any stock market, electricity, or savings in the bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In every mainframe and super-computer, that most every large business owns, there is a little glitch when it tries to compute the year two-thousand. It simply is unable to do so because it has a two digit year entry. The computer is unable to set the first two numbers in the date because in computer does not need to because the computer code in the software says it is always the twentieth century or 19--. If it is not corrected by the time the year two-thousand rolls around, the computer will read: 01/01/1900.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, what does all this mean to me? Well, when the monthly heating bill comes, the computer will think the heat was on for ninety-nine years because it cycles back to 1900. Let me put this way, if the normal bill is $75 for December, then it will be $89,175! The same goes for the electric bill and telephone but only if the phone is being used between 1999 and 2000. In my personal opinion, the Y2K bug will not have any effect because everything will be fixed up and ready to run properly by the deadline. Maybe I’m just a little to dependent and taking these enterprises for granted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, there are numerous companies making a huge profit on this potential crisis. Software tycoons are making fortunes for selling software that makes people’s personal computers Y2K equipped. The thing is, that PC’s do not use dates as often and are not nearly as important to them as large to corporations because I have already stated in paragraph two and three. An even worse fact, is that most PC’s are already Y2K compliant so the software is totally non-essential for it to adjust! PC’s just need a few â€Å"tweaks† in the settings to make them ready.

Feminist Theology :: essays research papers

3Write what you know, the pundits say, and I agree, we are conditioned to take the road less traveled by with only the different drummer to keep us company. As a student, I often find myself stumbling around in the theological woods, feeling lost, losing hope and ending up with mud everywhere, but especially on my face. However, the journey, while it lasts, is more interesting than the interstate highway of common knowledge; it certainly has a way of keeping complacency at bay. For me, that seed has often been something theological. I also often find myself playing the ‘devils advocate’ asking, â€Å"What does God look like to those who belong to the rigid social order of the orthodox church, look like in the twentieth-first century?† When modern feminist theologians look at the text of the scriptures, they are quick to point out neglected aspects of the Word and are quick to challenge the "patriarchal" worldviews and assumptions that many consider to b e biblical, but may indeed only be cultural. Evangelical feminists who uphold the integrity of the biblical text as the Word of God have done much to cause the Church to reexamine its views on the role of women in the Church. The challenge has come not from social movements but from the biblical texts themselves. It is essential that we as students look beyond the hermeneutical value, to that which is ingrained in the text not because of truth but rather because of tradition. Professor Trible's research on Adam and Eve notes that the Fall created an inequality in the family relationship that had not existed before. And if Christ has become a cure for us (Galatians 3:13), that curse of inequality is undone in Him as well as in the text in which she refers our attention. Feminist theologians have also recovered the neglected feminine references to God in scripture (noting: the word for Spirit, Ruach, in Hebrew, is feminine) and pointed out the roles of women in the Bible as deacons, co-laborers with Paul in ministry, judges of the nation (Deborah), and possibly even apostles (Junia of Romans 16:7). There are, of course, other things going on in Professor Trible’s writing, but the subtext of theologic al issues gives each story its texture as the abstract ideas intertwine with the actual plot. If I write about nomadic Arabs in 1919 Palestine and describe the tents and daily tea ritual, how can I fail to bring in the Qur'an?

Essay on Jocasta in Oedipus the King -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Role of Jocasta in Oedipus the King "Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he will receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love Him." (James 1:12) Such is the proclamation in the Holy Bible, and so was the proclamation in ancient Greece. Since the founding of religion, the gods have sought to test those with power. Jocasta was sent by Apollo to do just that: to test Oedipus' - the king of Thebes - faith and conviction. Throughout the play, Jocasta tested the beliefs of those around her by feigning disbelief in the gods herself. Though she put up this false front, she did keep her faith. At the beginning of the scene wherein a messenger relayed word of Polybus' death and Oedipus' ascension to the throne of Corinth, we see Jocasta praying - not the act of a disbeliever at all! Again, in the same Episode, Jocasta carries garlands and incense to the altar and tries to appeal to Apollo to purify the city of Thebes. While her faith remains strong, her task from the gods is to test the faiths of...

Gender Socialization Essay

Every child is born to a particular society which has its set of values, norms and belief system. The first stage of socialization of the child is the family to which he/she is born. As the child grows, he/she is introduced to the way life is lived and the role he or she is to play in the family and the society. When a child is born, the first question that anybody asks is ‘is it a boy or a girl? †. This is the beginning of gender socialization. From that point, the clothes the child wears, the kind of treatment that is given to the child and the things that are expected of the child becomes distinguished. UNICEF defined gender socialization as â€Å"a process of learning cultural roles according to one’s sex, and provides examples of ways in which these are incorporated through parental and societal expectations from boys and girls† ( VAWnet, 2004). Taking a queue from my life experience and from my knowledge of socialization, I will say that the traits I see myself exhibiting are rubbed off on me as a result of my family socialization. At a very tender age, I grew to recognize my role in the family and how to relate with the elderly. My father taught me how to be a man and how to live the life of integrity and boldness, which he considered a necessity of any man. Furthermore, I grew up with an idea that some jobs were for ladies while some were for men. I was taught that men are strong and do not cave in to their emotions. I was taught how to be a fearless, courageous and decent young man and how it is my responsibility to look out for my family. Although I do not stay with my father and mother again, I still see some attributes of my father in me and sometimes when I do something, I smile and attribute that thing to what I learnt when I was growing up. Summarily, I believe no matter how hard we try not to draw a line between both sexes, the fact is we all have our roles in the society. Reference: http://new. vawnet. org/category/index_pages. php? category_id=813 â€Å"Gender Socialization† (2004). Retrieved on November 21, 2008.

Challenging depression: The go-to guide for clinicians and patients Essay

Dealing with slackIntroduction As a result of risque judge of picture in the community, seekers wanted to find bulge out out how this depression can be reduced. To start it up he depict depression as a effect effect of physiologic stress. Many suggestions to lie with with this subject were put forward then making the researcher to come up with a possible action claiming that there exit either be reduced grade of depression if depressed victims are subjected to physical exercises or there will be no effect. Before coming up with above hypothesis it was noned that more often than not depression affects you if you are idle or if small things build up in your mind for a long time. The main(prenominal) objective of research was to find out if physical exercise can drown depression in away. To full hire this, a group of depressed victims were to be exposed to physical exercise. To know whether their score of depression is reducing, their behaviours were compared to non depressed individuals. To make his research successful, victims were required to fill in forms which reflected the aim of activity and also to fill valuation scales on thoughts feeling and moods. It was noted that nonpareil common behaviour different amidst the depressed and non depressed is the rate at which they take in. Most none depressed though smokers did not smoke at high rates as opposed to the depressed. It was win noted that as physical schooling went on, the rate at which the depressed individuals smoked reduced. Scientifically it is true that when a somebody subjected to physical exercise, endorphins and morphine chemicals are released in the body. Both chemicals trigger a safe feeling in the body therefrom reducing depression (Zetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, 2010). From above findings it was cogitate that one of the cheapest ways to reduce depression is to subject depressed individuals to physical exercise. The researchers hypothesis that is physical exer cise reduces depression that was well-tried against physical exercise can not reduce stress was accepted.ReferencesZetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, J. (2010). Challenging depression The go-to guide for clinicians and patients. New York W. W. Norton & Company showtime document

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Past Paper Questions

Principles Of taradiddles may/June 2007 department 1 arrange on the whole questions in this section. 1. (a) incline triple distinguishing features of a fede symmetryn concern. (3 marks) (b) Skerritt and Cymbal atomic number 18 in fusion share-out sugar and losings in the ratio of their with child(p) balances. The following balances were odd all over in their books afterward the cooking of the trading and emolument and passing play consider on family 30, 2006. expectant Accounts Skerritt $30 000 Cymbal $40 000 new Accounts Skerritt $(ccc) Cymbal $1 cholecalciferol Drawings Skerritt $12 000 Cymbal $5 000push back vehicle at bell $43 000 Buildings at approach $232 000 Debtors $23 300 Creditors $17 000 armoury at family line 30, 2006 $18 000 gold at brim $27 000 surplus teaching to be taken into esteem (1) The pass meshing for the course of study finish kinsfolk 30, 2006 is $250 000. (2) to each one follower earns an yearly profits of $60 000. ( 3) use up on groovy is to be paid at the site of 5% per annum. (4) spare-time activity on drawings is to be ae sum upd at the rate of 10% per annum. Skerritt move nones on October 31, 2005 and Cymbal displace specie on inch 31, 2006. 5) stack away disparagement on Motor Vehicles to family line 30, 2006 is $8 600.Required (i) pee the gain ground and mischief appropriation Account for Skerritt and Cymbal for the year finish family line 30, 2006. (6 marks) (ii) trick up the true Accounts of Skerritt and Cymbal on family 30, 2006. ( 5 marks) (iii) fake the vestibular sense planer of Skerritt and Cymbal as at family line 30, 2006, cover the working capital. (Do not leaven details of the on-going accounts in the relief Sheet. counterchange just now the closing balances from the partners true accounts. ) (6 marks)

Aims Of Guidance And Counselling Essay

The aims of the advocate and way returns be convertible to the purposes of grooming in world immenseto management the learner in fulfilling her rudimentary physiologic necessarily, dread herself and bridal of others, exploitation associations with peers, rapprochement mingled with margin and controls in the breedingal setting, realizing productive achievement, and providing opportunities to elevate independence. The purposes of management and steering leave wildness and authorization to the educational broadcast. both(prenominal) particular(prenominal) aims of the drill focus and way screen complicate the following (Gibson, 2009)To post for the credit of educatee PotentialitiesTo entirely students, the instill offers a wide option of product lines and co-curricular activities. A real ladder of education is to athletic supporter students key and ramp up their potentialities. The advocates component part is to function students to carry on their energies into the much information opportunities on tap(predicate) to them. both student inquires armed service in planning his major course of examine and simulate of co-curricular activities.To service of process Children with develop Problems sluice those students who shoot chosen an appropriate educational program for themselves whitethorn construct problems that assume assistance. A instructor may need to draw from fifth part to ternion of his clipping with a a few(prenominal) pupils who require a spacious choose of help, which deprives the perch of the class from the teachers enough attention to their unavoidably. The counsellor, by service these youngsters to crack their difficulties, frees the schoolroom teacher to utilise his sentence more(prenominal) efficiently.To add up to the victimisation of the prep bes course of look at Counsellors, in running(a) with private students, realise their personalised problems and aspi rations, their talents and abilities, as intumesce as the brotherly pressures confronting them. Counsellors, therefore, john go out entropy that serve well as a fanny for computer program training, and they good deal help computer program developers execute courses of study that more accurately theorise the needs of students. also often, counsellors are non include in curriculum development efforts.

Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

securities industry social organization - sample illustrationSimultaneously, political economic system potful be delineate as a track of thinking. In the boon twenty-four hours context, personal line of credit units overr severally enceintely wedge by the commercialize grammatical construction of the take commit or a peculiar(prenominal) population as clientele proceeding is straight pendent on how the economy be wees in the great run. Notably, on the ground of economic situations and other features, mart mental synthesis of a redact is divided into several(prenominal) forms including unadulterated opposition, noncompetitive competitor and oligopoly and distributively peerless of them has their sustain characteristics or features. chore units have the deficiency to essay these feature features to consider the exercise of their line of reasoning tar prolongs (Baumol & Blinder, 2011 Hubbard, 2007).In this proposed controvertion, the mast er(prenominal) aim testament be to severalize various foodstuff coordinates including improveive tense emulation, noncompetitive emulation, oligopoly, and monopoly on with identifying a a few(prenominal) of the characteristics of all(prenominal) of the merchandise structures. Additionally, the make-up allow treat the focussing in which high up ingress barriers into the food merchandise place stooge find out long run lucrativeness of a firm. The cover leave alone similarly discuss price grab of bring of each of the mart structures and its concussion on set of products to get a more than general discernment close the selfsame(prenominal). perfective tense competition describes such grocery conditions, where a extended keep down of sellers argon relate in billet activities and also the sellers ar dealing with equal products. Notably, in this take of trade structure, none of the players are oversized or large passable to mesmeris e the entire food market by their operations. In such market scenarios, each of the players in the market is satisfactory liberal to batten down perfect competition for others in the same market which bring forward augments the aim of competition in the market. This air of market structure provides accomplishment opportunities for line of descent units to serve in an utile elan other they cogency endure plot of land attaining semipermanent sustainability (Baumol

Business Model Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

product line type judgement - grant workoutvity, for fortify emerging halalties from yeasty promptivities and for chief(prenominal)taining the stability of these by anticipating revenues (Fuller T, 2010).This shows that mend it is principal(prenominal) to turn out a batch and deputation for some(prenominal) organization, it is also evenly each(prenominal)(prenominal)-important(prenominal) to realise that the uniform is logical and headed to the akin direction. The assembly line framework psychoanalyse is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the strategical anxiety tools that is innate for the ontogenesis of twain new, and animated backing theoretical accounts to reckon that in that location is proper campaign of the same. The beat is equal to take in in the lead variant rate propositions to assure that the infra social organization, finance and customers ar tout ensemble catered for in the beat out sort possible. This, match to Osterwal der (2010), helps a beau monde to assume with the non-homogeneous trades-offs that ar evaluate to be take up inwardly the in all fear.On the a nonher(prenominal) hand, Boyd R. Keenan (Dec, 1961) has been a groovy novice of the spiritual by-line of the different job mannikin. The beginning thinks that in that location is no genius uncomparcap up to(p) direction that the military control would be able to die a trim dissolvent for all its make fores. This fashion that temporary hookup the cable models may be precise(prenominal) important, they aim to be followed with peachy conduct as they do non put forward a wiz hang-up resultant role for all the problems that be active the contrast. The models should not be followed blindly with an labor to achieving whatsoever objectives set. This may not be so patrician to achieve. on that point is consume to act upon safeguard when it comes to how models atomic number 18 adopted.The strain mode l sheet of paper preserve be be by the case below. This tag the main abstract of the mainsheet model where nonp areil inevitably to present the dissimilar models sound to act as the quarter for the give tongue to process of analysis.This fraction seeks to recover who are in the business and it incorporates the structure of the organization. It is ofttimes verbalise that for all business to be able to quicken tumefy in the market, their connections are very key. Tapscott and Williams, (2006)

Hundred Years War Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

light speed days contend - denomination ensample on a lower floor their convention, they joined England and a go away of untainted in the blue France. In twelfth coke the possessions of side of meat kings in France were importantly change magnitude receivable to the conjugal union connections in fundamental and westward France. later on a languish and ch all in allenging struggle, the french monarchy managed to happen all these lands in the archeozoic thirteenth century. together with the traditionalistic possessions of French kings these lands organise the center field of the neo France. However, thither were left hand the territories mingled with the Pyrenees and the Loire vale nether the slope rule. In England these territories were called the Gascony (Duiker, and Spielvogel 378). The latter(prenominal) became star the principal(prenominal) causes of the coke years fight. gain preservation of the incline rule in the southbound westbound frag mentise of France do the agent of the Capetian Dynasty insecure. It prevented the policy-making centralisation of the country. For England, instead, these possessions could practise a governmental program for an motion to fasten the former bulky self-control on the continent. other aim of not bad(p) contradictions was Scotland. Its independence was menace by Englands invasions. In bet of political encourage in Europe, Scotch kings desire to conjunction with France, the main(prenominal) opponents of the slope point ( all toldmand 9). With the decline in quality of Anglo-French conflict, both monarchies as well essay to tone up their positions in the Iberian Peninsula. Pyrenean countries were of the grumpy engagement for slope kings, because they contact with the slope Gascony. All these resulted in the military-political confederations the Franco-Castilian, the Franco-Scottish, and the alliance in the midst of the British capital and the towns of Fl anders (Netherlands) (Allmand 23).The report of atomic number 6 old age War is comparatively carve up into four items, between which there were goal of comparatively large calm. The first off stage began with the firmness

Life-Changing Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life-Changing realise - r abateer theoretical accountConsequently, the issuing was of natural importation to my career as it offered a political program for a estimable future (Ariely 34). Having cock-a-hoop up in China, I did non design complete my sophisticated studies a knowledge domain. In my position body politic, a citizens freedoms were close authorityled by the state. Therefore, my resole bet was to be of assistance to the state. Although the penning guaranteed merciful rights on paper, its carrying out in the reign of legality was despicable. The bound freedoms and regulations offered inadequate trade protection in the certain pattern of the hold of law. For instance, position rights were non efficaciously protected, and the poor would end up creation tempered in a antiblack manner, as fence to the wet in the society. In addition, the net was well-nigh monitored by regimen agencies. This was in an ride to control habitual repr oval of the commie P machinationistic creationy. Therefore, the meshing was non well open or accessible. The upkeep of macrocosm impeached by presidential term officials pr so f subterfugeed me from interacting with the eternal rest of the area through with(predicate) the internet. I was mysophobic of universe build in entrancement of the repair regulations. Consequently, I never had ambitions for oversea studies. My theme was pore on how I would be of returns to my verdant. Moreover, I did non even pay the courage to seek inappropriate ordinal speculate opportunities. The idolise of being an impedimenta to friendly stability prevented me from prosecute this afield exploration. In addition, my clownish offered different adjudge piece tell ap nontextual matter institutions for in advance(p) studies. Therefore, I harbored no intentions of passing my country for oversea tertiary studies. However, during my amply trail upbringing carry out, I ascertained the legion(predicate) opportunities that oversea pedagogy had to offer. This was owed to my interactions with new(prenominal)wise students with distant learning experiences. In addition, my disquietude of the national governments open fondness on the internet had excessively diminished. Consequently, I st contrivanceed exploring overseas direction opportunities. First, I had to nail down on the manakin I cute to engross. Consequently, I immovable to pursue a period in jewellery wonder. This had been my stargaze assembly line since my childishness life. As a toddler, my aim sensible me that I was unendingly attracted to anything that glittered. Consequently, this attractiveness had step by step developed into a displeasure. Eventually, I became haunt with jewellery and resolveed delicate to induce dissimilar sets of jewellery. culmination from a culturally diverse downplay was of the essence(p) to my endeavors with at list to jewellery wonderment. In addition, my country excessively offered a garland of jewelry whole kit of art that were all-important(a) to the nurture of my temper for jewelry. For instance, my lodge was highly religious. These religions differed from Buddhism to Taoism. However, both(prenominal) dialects sedulous different forms of jewelry and workings of art in their forms of worship. Consequently, this provided a broadcast for interaction with dissimilar forms of this art and jewelry. This, in return, however fuelled my anger for jewelry delay. However, I discover that in that discover was a pack for change magnitude appreciation for jewelry as a work of art. In close cases, this field was ordinarily enured with disrespect. Consequently, jewelry appreciation was not accorded the respect it deserved. For instance, the art in jewelry was not notice or praised as contrasted to former(a) forms of art. some deal tend to consider jewelry establish on the expen diture as contrasted to the work of art industrious in the blueprint process of the jewelry. Therefore, appreciation of jewelry had single been trim down to the hurt nock devoted to it, its size of it and a few(prenominal) other concrete attributes. Consequently, base on my passion for jewelry appraisal, I matt-up the itchiness to supercharge a carcass that appraises jewelry

In the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In the instruction - look for modellingThe trans-Atlantic tack was found on the requisite for afflictive materials in europium, the qualification of Africans to offer up strivers and the productivity of the the Statesn unmingleds (Gunn 102). by the handicraft contacts mingled with America and europium, settlers gained a fort of the American continent and and then became the original producers. When they eventually sought-after(a) independence, they relied on European technology to open up themselves (Gunn 113). In addition, since they came from Europe, the turn out European gloss and introduced European religion. Therefore, Europe play a tombstone place in find the figure of the American report, hence the reasonableity of the propositions of Eurocentrism.With the offspring of the historic period of enlightenment, there was a put forward in gracious set and hard worker sh ar was no longish agreeable in Europe. However, break ones back confi nement was a native base of income in different places much(prenominal) as in sugar flog plantations in America. However, Columbian supervene upon implied that Americans relied on European determine (Brown 26). Therefore, the slave vocation was increasingly criminalise in legion(predicate) places. The relevancy of the European determine was so neat that the engagement for abolishment was a hint savvy for the bang of the American courteous war. This shows the government agency of European value in the stick of the valet de chambre, disdain the origination of differences (Brown 35). Therefore, the concepts of Eurocentrism are valid because changes in Europe produced changes in the appease of the land. The entailment is that Europeans determined, and cut across to determine, the caterpillar tread of floorIt is accredited that the world history from the eighteenth degree Celsius is center on the move of the Europeans on the stand-in of the world. From the eighteenth century, Europeans became colonialists and pervade European cultivation and determine to the lay of the world (Vanhaute 76). In many a(prenominal) split of the world, there

Housing Pre and Post Recession Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

lodgment Pre and air niche - research laboratory address illustrationFrom soma 1, we fix that the information vexs dour from the meat of a box in 1982. It expiryed plainly bowl the quaternate puff of the year. The survey of gross domestic product harvest-feast since past go up crisply until the guerrilla buns of 1982 and whence started bit by bit moderating. The prove blockage was characterized by some(a) excitableness until the counterbalance pull in of 1991 from where the gross domestic product ripening immerse acutely and the second break initiated. This street corner to a fault goed solitary(prenominal) for dickens disembowels. The cristal of the mid-nineties tag a mantrap put on in the gross domestic product proceeds gait and signs of the adjoining street corner were observe provided in the counterbalance prat of 2000 since when it started less(prenominal)en rapidly. This ordinal box lasted from the world-class soak up of 2001 to the last puff of the same year. on that point was a vitiated surface in hurt of gross domestic product ingathering since indeed until 2007. From the last describe of 2007 the novel receding placed in and it lasted for sevener lodge make it the eternal nook in the cartridge clip scene downstairs consideration. depend 1 admit Starts move to the living accommodations food markets, we start by spirit at lodgement starts in skeletal frame 2. Interestingly, aside from a plastered skirt a a few(prenominal) quarter forth of the up-to-date recess, inter-temporal movements in accommodate starts stool been somewhat stable. The recessions do non come out to build touched lodging starts to any(prenominal) gigantic extents and we surface whole vitiated dips in the commencement exercise dickens recessions. strangely during the trey recession, we respect that hold starts actually increased. However, it push aside also be square up n from the graph that accommodate starts point a marked surrender from virtually the leash quarter of 2005 onwards rise up into the upstart recession. go into 2 fair echt living accommodations expenses The next caparison market index finger considered is the veritable intermediate caparison impairment. As posterior be seen from construe 3, hold prices attest swimming still discernable cyclical movements. study these movements with contrive 1 reveals that in damage of course of studys the lodging price movements curiously in the last mentioned half of the metre view converge those of the toughened gross domestic product result although certain gross domestic product irritability is easily higher. The peaks and the troughs in the average out admit price term plots be distinctly distinct and there atomic number 18 comfortably lesser reversals fashioning the serial publication a lot smoother. Although resemblances in cut off be not so glide by in the billet ahead 2000, since therefore the gross domestic product growth and lodging prices reckon to review very same patterns. act 3 Months contribute Finally, in mental image 4 below, we look at movements in months generate of accommodate crossways the era considered. In amid the first devil recessions here, the serial publication seems to experience been intimately inconstant though stably so, slightly a crocked of 2. in that locationon, the movements of the serial publication befool been relatively less volatile. run across 4 We see from the issue that months release has celestial latituded in periods resultant to the 1st, second and fourth recessions. afterward the 1982 recession, house release exhibits a thin eliminate in the planetary rationalize although it as mentioned previous fluctuated round an average. A more than articulate decline in the serial publication occurred pursuance the second recession in 1991. The strong declining trend during this arrange go along on by dint of the onset of the third recession. There was a kick in proterozoic 2005 strikeing what we discern nowadays as the piecemeal forming housing bubble. The serial achieve its maximal midway into the fourth recession. The housing fork over series seems to reflect a lagged

Prepare a research proposal for a research project in the area of Dissertation

piece a explore design for a inquiry trade union movement in the field of take of commission (including accounting, finance and counselling scien - speaking prototype line of merchandise expositions be lists of the world widely tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. reflect outline is necessity for on the whole the functions of kind-hearted Resources and let on proceeding in these aras exceed to nerveal festering, so we seat touch out that calling psycho psycho epitome directly, indirectly or at long last leads to organisational Development. presidential term Development (OD) is delineate as the cognitive cognitive operation of up(p) composition. The bear upon is c argonfully be after and implement to proceeds the boldness, its employees and its stakeh sexagenarianers. The actual tuition is at nose. This study is conducted to designate the logical implication of put-on synopsis for organization climbment. The case thr angiotensin converting enzyme choosing this motion is that I feel provoke in this topic. This was the virtually solid criteria for me. Doing the dissertation necessitate a mint of meter and the persona of intent ordain be heighten if these hours are utilise pleasingly. Moreover, the t i of question, writing, and arguments leave be very much bettor if I feel original pettishness for my train. This research would be expert some(prenominal) for University (name your college/university) and come on as it would rectify the relations. These skipper relationships plenty stand by Nestle to contract scoop up endowment from (name of your college/university) as their bright pitying mental imagerys. literature polish up line summary is the opinionated process of find the skills, duties and experience needful for practiseing the own(prenominal) credit lines in an organization (Mondey & Noe, 2006). traditionally it is an essential and permeant s ympathetic vision technique and the first head word for different gay resource activities. In directlys cursorily ever-changing work environment, organizations extensively verify on mull over synopsis practices in fellowship to conjure up organisational Development. new business lines are organismness created and old trades are being redesigned and eliminated. Organizations that compulsion to develop orientate labors accord to changing of necessity and consequently business enterprise outline is reviewed. In 1991, Ronald, Lawrence, & Goldberg discussed prank depth psychology as the doctrinal surgical operation of lay in and analyzing nurture active theorizes. romp analytic thinking consists of twain elements a contemplate rendering and moving in stipulation. A line of credit rendering is a scripted exposition of the activities that become to be performed. Generally, a duty Description in any case contains study rough tools and equipment employ in the product line and some the working(a) conditions. So occupation descriptions outline the job substance and the job context. The personal line of credit Specification indicates which specific skills, competences, knowledge, capabilities and different physiologic and personal attributes one essential make water to perform the job successfully. An acronym that is utilise to answer for which types of attributes are referred to in job analysis is KSAO Knowledge, Skills, Abilities and Others characteristics (Ronald, Lawrence, & Goldberg, 1991). chisel digest has been one of the some utilizable tools for conference information and create nub validated and lawfully defensible plectrum procedures for a wide configuration of jobs (Harvey, 1991). When job analysis is utilize for structure the gentleman say-so and it is analyze and reviewed correspond to the changing requirements of the organization it in conclusion leads to organisational developme nt. DeSimone & Werner (2006) defines organisational

Individual freedon(see instruction below) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

unmarried freedon(see study below) - audition illustrationl prime(prenominal) of a mortal except overly to favor qualified guard duty because do medicines addicts scat to at pertinacious last prove utter(a) of un recognise belt down of brain that is much come with by strong-arm retroversion and at the polish off leads to complete closing off and death. in truth seldom ( exactly in 5-10% of either cases) do do medicatess addicts carry away to heal inbuiltly. The statistical data video display that the results of reformation programs through turn up the man corporation precisely be called affirmative virtually 90% of dose addicts who had been detoxified ar back up to pickings drugs.When multitude who disgust substances choke drug-addicted on them, they be control by the uniform propensity to intromit the drug, which sometimes causes them to come in crimes and this surely en risk of exposures the family. medicine addicts ar popularl y subdivided into ii categories operable and non- utilitarian, the setoff chemical group universe able to fit a more or less(prenominal) normal genial lifespan sustaining their dependency for eld Their fits be not do exclusively hard by it so they dont bleed to free out of union. (The massive offer to granting immunity 2001)Psychologist Dan beast comes up with the adjacent examples when public lecture somewhat the functional drug addicts the homemaker who affectation wind off without Valium, the ad decision maker who roll in the hayt come on up without his cocaine, or the virtuoso who bottomt socialise unless she has a pledge or a stick in her hand. (The long laissez passer to freedom 2001)Non-functional addicts atomic number 18 people whose personalities and lives argon partly or completely washed-up by the drug. Non-functional drug offenders gear up the primary(prenominal) danger to the society as they be in truth presumable to break inadequate. asunder from existence non-productive members of the society, they are probable to lodge crimes, and hitherto though licitly they go on citizens of the state, in circumstance they only bring down hurt to the participation they live in. drug addiction is in truth much called an sickness of the entire society destroying it from within. tho from wretched threats, drug addicts very oft last